How many dog breeds are there?
Board a plane in New York with an English Toy Spaniel and you land in Milan with a King Charles Spaniel. Same dog, same pedigree — two official names. The world's kennel clubs keep separate lists, sort them into different groups, and disagree about what counts as a breed at all. This page is the map.
Three clubs, three lists
FCI
The Fédération Cynologique Internationale is a federation of national kennel clubs from about 100 countries — most of Europe, Latin America and Asia. Its list is the closest thing to a world standard.
AKC
The American Kennel Club never joined the federation. Its list is shorter and grows slowly: a breed needs an active American club and a documented population before it gets in.
The Kennel Club
The British original — the world's first kennel club. Independent like the AKC, it keeps its own list of about 220 breeds, with its own names for a few of them.
Ten groups or seven?
The FCI sorts breeds by ancestry and original job, into ten groups. The AKC uses seven broader show-ring groups. Dachshunds show the difference best: the FCI gives them a whole group of their own, the AKC files them under Hound.
| № | FCI group | Where the AKC puts them | For example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding | Border Collie |
| 2 | Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working | Rottweiler |
| 3 | Terriers | Terrier | Airedale Terrier |
| 4 | Dachshunds | Hound | Dachshund |
| 5 | Spitz & primitive types | WorkingToyHoundNon-Sporting | Siberian Husky |
| 6 | Scent hounds | Hound | Beagle |
| 7 | Pointing dogs | Sporting | German Shorthaired Pointer |
| 8 | Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting | Labrador Retriever |
| 9 | Companion & toy dogs | ToyNon-Sporting | Pug |
| 10 | Sighthounds | Hound | Greyhound |
BreedQuest sorts its library by the seven AKC-style groups — the groups guide walks through each family.
Every breed, both systems
The full comparison, straight from our catalog: every dog breed in the library with its FCI group and its AKC group side by side. A dash means that registry doesn't recognize the breed.
294 breeds shown
| Breed | FCI group | AKC group |
|---|---|---|
| Affenpinscher | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Toy |
| Afghan Hound | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| African Hunting Dog | — | — |
| Airedale Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Akita | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Working |
| Alaskan Malamute | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Working |
| American Akita | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| American English Coonhound | — | Hound |
| American Eskimo Dog | — | Non-Sporting |
| American Foxhound | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| American Hairless Terrier | — | Terrier |
| American Leopard Hound | — | Hound |
| American Staffordshire Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| American Water Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Anatolian Shepherd Dog | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Apennine Hound | 6 · Scent hounds | — |
| Appenzeller Sennenhund | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Australian Cattle Dog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Australian Kelpie | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Australian Shepherd | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Australian Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Azawakh | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| Aïdi | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Barbet | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Basenji | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Hound |
| Basset Hound | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Beagle | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Bearded Collie | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Beauceron | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Bedlington Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Belgian Laekenois | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Belgian Malinois | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Belgian Sheepdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Belgian Tervuren | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Bergamasco Sheepdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Berger Picard | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Bernese Mountain Dog | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Bichon Frise | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Biewer Terrier | — | Toy |
| Black Russian Terrier | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Black and Tan Coonhound | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Bloodhound | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Bluetick Coonhound | — | Hound |
| Boerboel | — | Working |
| Bohemian Shepherd | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Bolognese | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | — |
| Border Collie | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Border Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Borzoi | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| Boston Terrier | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Bouvier des Ardennes | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Bouvier des Flandres | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Boxer | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Boykin Spaniel | — | Sporting |
| Bracco Italiano | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Brazilian Terrier | 3 · Terriers | — |
| Briard | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Brittany | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Broholmer | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Brussels Griffon | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Buldogue Campeiro | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Bull Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Bulldog | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Bullmastiff | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Ca de Bestiar | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Cairn Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Canaan Dog | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Herding |
| Cane Corso | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Cardigan Welsh Corgi | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Cesky Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Chart Polski | 10 · Sighthounds | — |
| Chesapeake Bay Retriever | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Chihuahua | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Chinese Crested | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Chinook | — | Working |
| Chow Chow | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Non-Sporting |
| Cimarrón Uruguayo | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Ciobănesc Românesc Corb | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Ciobănesc Românesc de Bucovina | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Cirneco dell'Etna | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Hound |
| Clumber Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Cocker Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Collie | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Continental Bulldog | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Coton de Tulear | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Croatian Sheepdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Curly-Coated Retriever | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Czechoslovakian Wolfdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Cão Fila de São Miguel | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Cão da Serra da Estrela | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Cão da Serra de Aires | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Cão de Castro Laboreiro | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Cão de Gado Transmontano | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Dachshund | 4 · Dachshunds | Hound |
| Dalmatian | 6 · Scent hounds | Non-Sporting |
| Dandie Dinmont Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Dansk-Svensk Gårdshund | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Deutscher Jagdterrier | 3 · Terriers | — |
| Deutscher Wachtelhund | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | — |
| Dhole | — | — |
| Dingo | — | — |
| Doberman Pinscher | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Dogo Argentino | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Dogue de Bordeaux | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Dutch Shepherd | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| English Cocker Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| English Foxhound | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| English Setter | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| English Springer Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| English Toy Spaniel | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Entlebucher Mountain Dog | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Eurasier | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Field Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Fila Brasileiro | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Finnish Lapphund | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Herding |
| Finnish Spitz | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Non-Sporting |
| Flat-Coated Retriever | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| French Bulldog | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Galgo Español | 10 · Sighthounds | — |
| German Pinscher | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| German Shepherd Dog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| German Shorthaired Pointer | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| German Wirehaired Pointer | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Giant Schnauzer | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Glen of Imaal Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Golden Retriever | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Gordon Setter | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Gos Rater Valencià | 3 · Terriers | — |
| Gos d'Atura Català | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Grand Basset Griffon Vendeen | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Great Dane | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Great Pyrenees | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Greater Swiss Mountain Dog | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Greenland Dog | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Greyhound | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| Griffon Belge | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | — |
| Harrier | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Havanese | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Hokkaido | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Hollandse Smoushond | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Hovawart | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Ibizan Hound | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Hound |
| Icelandic Sheepdog | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Herding |
| Irish Red and White Setter | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Irish Setter | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Irish Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Irish Water Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Irish Wolfhound | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| Italian Greyhound | 10 · Sighthounds | Toy |
| Italian Hound (Short-haired) | 6 · Scent hounds | — |
| Italian Hound (Wire-haired) | 6 · Scent hounds | — |
| Japanese Chin | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Japanese Terrier | 3 · Terriers | — |
| Jämthund | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Kai Ken | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Karelian Bear Dog | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Kavkazskaïa Ovtcharka | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Kazakh Tazy | 10 · Sighthounds | — |
| Keeshond | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Non-Sporting |
| Kerry Blue Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| King Charles Spaniel | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Kishu Ken | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Komondor | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Working |
| Kooikerhondje | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Korean Jindo | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Kraški Ovčar | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Kromfohrländer | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | — |
| Kuvasz | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Working |
| Labrador Retriever | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Lagotto Romagnolo | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Lakeland Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Lancashire Heeler | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Landseer | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Lapponian Herder | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Leonberger | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Lhasa Apso | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Lowchen | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Macedonian Shepherd Dog | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Magyar Agár | 10 · Sighthounds | — |
| Maltese | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Manchester Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Maremma Sheepdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Mastiff | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Mastín Español | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Mastín del Pirineo | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Miniature American Shepherd | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Miniature Bull Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Miniature Pinscher | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Toy |
| Miniature Schnauzer | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Terrier |
| Mudi | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Neapolitan Mastiff | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Newfoundland | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Norfolk Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Norrbottenspets | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Norwegian Buhund | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Herding |
| Norwegian Elkhound | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Hound |
| Norwegian Elkhound Black | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Norwegian Lundehund | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Non-Sporting |
| Norwich Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Old English Sheepdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Otterhound | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Papillon | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Parson Russell Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Pekingese | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Pembroke Welsh Corgi | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Perro Dogo Mallorquín | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Petit Brabançon | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | — |
| Pharaoh Hound | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Hound |
| Plott | — | Hound |
| Pointer | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Polish Lowland Sheepdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Pomeranian | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Toy |
| Poodle | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Portuguese Podengo Pequeno | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Hound |
| Portuguese Water Dog | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Working |
| Prague Ratter | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | — |
| Presa Canario | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Pug | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Puli | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Pumi | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Pyrenean Shepherd | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Rafeiro do Alentejo | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Rat Terrier | — | Terrier |
| Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz | 3 · Terriers | — |
| Redbone Coonhound | — | Hound |
| Rhodesian Ridgeback | 6 · Scent hounds | Hound |
| Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Rottweiler | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Russell Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Russkiy Toy | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Saarloos Wolfdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Saint Bernard | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Saluki | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| Samoyed | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Working |
| Schapendoes | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Schipperke | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Scottish Deerhound | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| Scottish Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Sealyham Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Segugio Maremmano | 6 · Scent hounds | — |
| Shar-Pei | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Shetland Sheepdog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | Herding |
| Shiba Inu | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Non-Sporting |
| Shih Tzu | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Toy |
| Shikoku | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Siberian Husky | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Working |
| Sicilian Mastiff | — | — |
| Silky Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Toy |
| Skye Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Sloughi | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| Slovenský Čuvač | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Small Munsterlander | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Smooth Fox Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| South Russian Shepherd Dog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Spanish Water Dog | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Herding |
| Spino degli Iblei | — | — |
| Spinone Italiano | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Sredneasiatskaya Ovtcharka | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Staffordshire Bull Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Standard Schnauzer | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Sussex Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Swedish Lapphund | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Swedish Vallhund | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Herding |
| Tatra Shepherd Dog | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Tibetan Mastiff | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | Working |
| Tibetan Spaniel | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Tibetan Terrier | 9 · Companion & toy dogs | Non-Sporting |
| Tornjak | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Tosa | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Toy Fox Terrier | — | Toy |
| Toy Manchester Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Toy |
| Treeing Walker Coonhound | — | Hound |
| Vizsla | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Volpino Italiano | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | — |
| Weimaraner | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Welsh Springer Spaniel | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | Sporting |
| Welsh Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| West Highland White Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Wetterhoun | 8 · Retrievers & water dogs | — |
| Whippet | 10 · Sighthounds | Hound |
| White Swiss Shepherd | 1 · Sheepdogs & cattle dogs | — |
| Wire Fox Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Terrier |
| Wirehaired Pointing Griffon | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Wirehaired Vizsla | 7 · Pointing dogs | Sporting |
| Xoloitzcuintli | 5 · Spitz & primitive types | Non-Sporting |
| Yorkshire Terrier | 3 · Terriers | Toy |
| Österreichischer Pinscher | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
| Šarplaninac | 2 · Pinschers, molossers & mountain dogs | — |
Same dog, different name
The registries don't just count differently — they name differently. Each of these is one breed with two official names, depending on which side of the Atlantic the papers were printed.
One breed here, four breeds there
This is where the counts really drift apart. The FCI treats the Belgian Shepherd as one breed (№15) with four varieties; the AKC counts four separate breeds, the Malinois among them. The FCI folds the German Spitz family into one entry (№97), from the Wolfsspitz down to the tiny Zwergspitz; the AKC splits out the Keeshond and the Pomeranian as breeds of their own. Multiply that logic across a few dozen families and most of the gap between "about 360" and "about 200" is explained: the clubs are counting the same dogs differently.
Where the lists overlap
These numbers come straight from the BreedQuest catalog and refresh with every build, so they move as the library grows.
What it means at the end of the leash
Less than the show world makes it sound. Pedigrees transfer between the big registries through reciprocity agreements; the name printed on the papers may change at the border; and a dog that reads as "rare" on one list can be perfectly ordinary on another. Every breed page in this library carries its FCI number, its group and its AKC status, so the reconciliation is already done — browse the full library.
Questions people actually ask
How many dog breeds are there?
There is no single answer, because there is no single list. The FCI recognizes about 360 breeds, the AKC about 200, the British Kennel Club about 220. The gap is mostly definitional: what one club counts as four breeds, another counts as one breed with four varieties.
Is one registry more official than the others?
No. They serve different countries. The FCI is a federation of national clubs covering most of the world; the AKC and the British Kennel Club are national clubs that never joined it. Inside its own country, each list is the official one.
Why isn't my breed AKC-recognized?
AKC recognition needs an active American breed club and a documented population in the United States. Plenty of old European breeds — the Broholmer, the Bohemian Shepherd — never sought that, so they stay FCI-only. It says nothing about how established the breed is at home.
Can a dog be registered with two registries?
Usually yes. The big registries accept each other's pedigrees through reciprocity agreements, so an FCI-registered dog can generally be registered with the AKC and vice versa. The paperwork transfers; the breed name printed on it may change.